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Japan. Other nations around the world do not fit so easily into these three groups. For example, Izmir University Of Economics
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PART 3: Read the text below. For questions 27 to 34, choose the best answer A, B, C or D.
Mark your answers on the optical form. (8 x 1 = 8 pts)

Industrialized Nations

1 Industrialized nations are typically divided into three main groups: the US, Western Europe, and
East Asia. The group defined as Western Europe includes such countries as England, France, and
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Germany while East Asia includes highly developed Asian countries such as South Korea and
one might expand “the US” group to become North America, and thus include Canada in
industrialized countries of that region. However, what should one do with Australia? One idea is
to group it with other industrialized countries of East Asia. However, grouping Australia together
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B) East Asia Izmir University Of Economics
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with the other industrialized countries of East Asia seems to be odd. It is Australia’s social
similarity with the countries of Western Europe, which makes it different from East Asian
countries. Therefore, another idea is to group Australia with the industrialized countries of
Western Europe. This is a much better idea of course. When viewed collectively by groups, the
societies of these three groupings of industrialized countries differ markedly in many respects.

27. Which group of industrialized nations does the writer think Australia should be
included in?

C) Western Europe
A) the U.S.

manual labor. The US falls in the middle. The rate of gender integration in the workforce is School of Foreign Languages
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D) Third World countries

28. Which of the following means nearly the same as “markedly” in paragraph 1?
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B) vaguely
C) surprisingly

D) considerably
A) accidentally

2 Consider, for instance, the role of women in society within each of the three groups: the US,
Western Europe, and East Asia. East Asia has the highest rate of gender integration in the
workforce, meaning women can be found working alongside men in more types of occupations.
This is attributed to a tradition from the past of women in East Asian societies participating in
higher than Europe’s rate, but lower than East Asia’s rate. In general, Female LFP (Labor Force
Participation) has been on the rise in all industrialized countries for quite some time, while male
LFP has been declining. One factor to account for this change would be the improvement in
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social support for working women in industrialized countries. Women receive the best system of
social support in Western Europe, led by Sweden where they receive one year of maternity leave
with 75% pay. By comparison, working women in the US typically receive twelve weeks of
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maternity leave with no pay. It should be noted, however, that the greater social support for
women in Western Europe may also be linked to the lower rate of workforce integration of
women. This is due to the fact that social security nets for maternity often affect women’s
chances of employment or career advancement. Many companies are less likely to hire a female
for an important position since they may be forced to replace her and give her extended paid
leave if she becomes pregnant.

29. What is the reason for greater workforce integration in the East Asia group?

A) a reaction to European policies
C) a strong women’s right movement

B) a tradition of integration
D) a gap in the labor market
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