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6
Late in the growing season, xylem cells diminish in size and develop thicker skins, but they retain

their capacity to carry water. Over time, the innermost xylem cells become blocked with waste

products and can no longer transport or carry fluids. A similar situation occurs in the blockage of
arteries in the aging human body. However, since the vascular cambium produce healthy new

xylem cells each year, the death of the old cells does not mean the death of the tree. When they

stop functioning as living sapwood, the dead xylem cells become part of the central column of the

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supportive structure of the tree.

44. Why does the author mention arteries in the aging human body in paragraph 6?

A) To show that trees and people get the same diseases.
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B) To imply that trees might provide a solution to human problems.

C) To compare what happens in two aging circulatory systems.
D) To explain the cause of death in most trees.

7
The fun never stops in the plant's circulatory system. Most plants have green leaves, where
photosynthesis happens. When those sugars are made, they need to be given to every cell in the

plant for energy. This is where phloem cells enter the process. The phloem cells are laid out end-

to-end throughout the entire plant, transporting the sugars and other molecules created by the

plant. This is called translocation. Phloem is always alive. Xylem tissue dies after one year, and
then develops new rings in the tree trunk.

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45. Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 7?

A) Phloem cells are concerned mainly with the shipping of organic material made
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during photosynthesis.

B) The transfer of cells from one tree to another is called translocation.

C) Once the xylem cells become old and they die, the tree will die immediately after.

D) The leaves of plants don’t turn green when an excessive amount of sugar is made
in the cells.

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