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foodstuffs from the leaves to the branches, trunk, and roots. In other words, xylem and phloem Izmir University Of Economics
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PART 4: Read the text below. For questions 35 to 45, choose the best answer A, B, C or D.
Mark your answers on the optical form. (11 x 1 = 11 pts)

The Circulatory System of Trees

Inside the tree’s protective outer bark is the circulatory system, consisting of two cellular
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pipelines that transport water, mineral nutrients, and other organic substances to all living tissues

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of the tree. One pipeline, called the xylem - or sapwood – transports water and nutrients up from

the roots to the leaves. The other, the phloem – inner bark – carries the downward flow of

make up the big transportation system of vascular plants. This system is similar to that of the

human body. As your body gets bigger, it is more difficult to transport nutrients, water, and
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sugars around your body. You have to have a circulatory system if you want to keep growing. As

plants evolved to be larger, they also developed their own kind of circulatory systems.

35. What are the primary components of the tree’s circulatory system?

C) xylem and phloem
A) water, mineral, and organic substances

D) roots and growth organ

B) leaves, branches, and trunk

36. Which of the following can replace the phrase “evolved to be larger” in paragraph 1?

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A) used to be larger C) found to be larger

B) stayed larger D) grew larger

2
Between these two pipelines is the vascular cambium, a single cell layer too thin to be seen by the
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naked eye. This is the tree’s major growth organ, responsible for the outward widening of the

trunk, branches, and roots. During each growing season, the vascular cambium produces new

phloem cells on its outer surface and new xylem cells on its inner surface.

37. The word “This” in paragraph 2 refers to ______.

C) the vascular cambium
A) the phloem

D) the naked eye
B) the inner surface

It all starts with a top and a bottom. Logically, it makes sense. Trees and other vascular plants
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have a top and a bottom. The top has a trunk, branches, leaves, or needles. The bottom is a system

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of roots. Each needs the other to survive. The roots hold the plant steady and grab moisture and

nutrients from the soil. The top is in the light, conducting photosynthesis and helping the plant

reproduce. You have to connect both parts. That's where xylem and phloem come in.
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38. “both parts” in paragraph 3 refers to ______.

A) roots and trunk
C) branches and leaves

D) the top and the roots

B) leaves and needles

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